Sun at Midnight is a book by Rosie Thomas, due to be published in July 2005 by Harper Collins. The book is based around her stay on a research station in Antarctica. We wanted to include a brief account of Rosie and her forthcoming book to give inspiration to other aspiring authors. It is only in recent years following a divorce and her children finding their own way in the world has Rosie had her life to herself. Travelling across deserts, partaking in international car rallies and scaling high mountains are so much easier without the family baggage. Once she was established as a successful writer and her children were grown, she discovered a love of travelling and mountaineering. She has climbed in the Alps and the Himalayas, competed in the Peking to Paris car rally, and spent time on a tiny Bulgarian research station in Antarctica to research this novel. Woman and Home magazine said this of Praise for SUN AT MIDNIGHT: 'This is an epic love story set against breathtaking descriptions of Antarctic waste.' Look out for it!

Link: http://www.harpercollins.com/

The Whale shark (Rhincodon Typus) is the largest fish in the world, growing up to 12m (40 feet) in length. Though massive in size, whale sharks are completely harmless and feed on plankton and small fish which are filtered from the water as they cruise the world's oceans. Despite their size, whale sharks are remarkably gentle and curious. They have a slow growth rate, only reaching maturity at around 30 years old and living as long as 60 – 100 years. Their reproduction rate is also very slow – long intervals between pregnancies and producing around a few hundred pups at one time.

Whale Sharks are located near the Equator around coast lines and open seas. They swim mostly along the top of the surface. Whale sharks can be found in the following areas:

• Western Atlantic: New York to central Brazil and including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean.
• Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, Mauritania, Cape Verde Islands, Gulf of Guinea.
• Indo-West and Central Pacific: South Africa and Red Sea to Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, China, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia (Kalimantan, Java, Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea, Australia (Queensland, Northern Territory), New Caledonia, Hawaiian Islands.
• Eastern Pacific: Southern California to northern Chile.
• Indian Ocean: the Seychelles, Mauritius, Zanzibar, Madagascar, Mozambique and northernmost Natal.

Unfortunately, in some countries such as India and the Philippines, the whale shark is often hunted for meat which is sold to feed the rich in SE Asia, where whale shark meat is an expensive delicacy. Numbers have certainly been reduced, but with the migratory habits of the sharks, it is very difficult to track and count them.

February to May: The time of year to see a whale shark in Thailand is between February and May.

April to June: Whale shark sightings are extremely common on the Ningaloo Reef in the months of mid April-June. A spotter plane communicates with boats as it spots the large shadow of a whale shark near the surface. Interactions are regulated by CALM (Conservation and Land Management), which limits the number of snorkellers in the water with a shark to a maximum of 10 and does not allow the use of flash photography. There are also strictly regulated guidelines including the distance a snorkeller should stay from the animal and how long a single interaction with a whale shark may last. These measures are mainly to reduce stress to the sharks, another unknown factor for scientists, even though people have been interacting with whale sharks on the Ningaloo for many years.

April to June: southern Belize offers whale shark spotting opportunities. The best time to do so during these months are three days before the full moon to three days after the last quarter moon. It's during these times that the Cubera Snappers spawn, attracting the Whale Sharks.

July to September: Rarely seen in shallow coastal waters, whale sharks have been regular visitors to the Sea of Cortez near Bahia de Los Angeles, Baja California, Mexico are closest to the US and are a good place to encounter whale sharks at this time of year.

November to April: whale sharks can be seen around Richelieu Rock in the North Andaman Sea.

If you have had a whale shark encounter, the Beetle would love to hear from you!

Where is Armenia? Armenia is the smallest of the former Soviet republics, bounded by Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, Iran to the south, and Turkey to the west. Aremenia counts amongst one of the world's oldest civilizations and once included Mount Ararat, (now in modern day Turkey) the mountain identified in the bible as being where Noah's ark rested after the flood. Under Tigrane the Great (fl. 95-55 B.C.) the Armenian Empire reached its height and became one of the most powerful in Asia, starching from the Caspian to the Mediterranean Seas. Throughout most of its long history, however, Armenia has been invaded by a succession of conquerors- the Greeks, Romans, Persians, Byzantines, Mongols, Arabs, Ottoman Turks, and the Russians.

From the 16th century through to World War I, significant parts of Armenia were controlled by the Ottoman Turks, under whom they experienced discrimination, religious persecution, heavy taxation, and armed attacks. In response to Armenian nationalist stirrings, the Turks massacred thousands of Armenians in 1894 and 1896. After the Turkish defeat in World War I, the independent Republic of Armenia was established on May 28, 1918, but survived only until November 29, 1920, when it was annexed by the Soviet Army. On March 12, 1922, the Soviets joined Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to form the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became part of the U.S.S.R. In 1936, after a reorganization, Armenia became a separate constituent republic of the U.S.S.R.

Armenia declared its independence from the collapsing Soviet Union on September 23, 1991. An Armenian Diaspora has existed throughout the nation's history, and Armenian emigration has been particularly heavy since independence from the Soviet Union. An estimated 60% of the total eight million Armenians worldwide live outside the country, with one million each in the U.S. and Russia. Significant Armenian communities are located in Georgia, France, Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Argentina, and Canada.

Armenia – acknowledged as one of the cradles of civilization – is a beautiful country with a sophisticated people and a long and cultured history. As a result, Armenia is an intriguing tourist destination. Numerous monuments and masterpieces of the Ancient era and Middle Ages can be found throughout the country. Tourism in Armenia is rooted in the country's historical landmarks and natural attractions such as the water resorts of Lake Seventh hot springs of Arzni and Jermuk, the forests of Dilijan, Aghveran, Tsaghkadzor, Bjurakan and Gugark, and the mountainous natural caves and cliffs of the Southeast region. The 5165 meter Mount Ararat, geographically located in Turkey, is a national symbol of Armenia and is visible from much of the Southwest region.

The majestic peaks of Mount Ararat provide a stunning backdrop to Yerevan. The monastery of Khor-Virab and the ruins of the ancient city of Dvin (dating back to the second century BC) are located in the mid-distance Aerial view of Yerevan, capital of Armenia Statue of Komitas, one of Armenia's most loved composers, outside the Komitas Conservatory. Apart from writing many original composition, Komitas travelled the country noting down folk songs for posterity Yerevan, which is nestled in the shadow of the snow-capped heights of the majestic mount Ararat, where the Biblical Noah's Ark first landed escaping the Great Flood, is the capital city of Armenia. With a population numbering over 1.2 million, Yerevan is a bustling city. The central plaza, Republic Square, is designed in the Armenian national style and houses the Government House, the Cabinet and other governmental offices as well as the Erebuni and Armenia hotels.

Also situated on Republic Square are the Armenian History Museum and the Art Gallery of Armenia. Here, one finds informative and interesting models and artefacts of ancient Urartu and Armenia. In the Art Gallery one finds a worthy section on Armenian art from the seventh century AD. Amongst the many other museums in the capital city, the two most interesting house museums are those of landscape artist Martiros Saryan (1880-1972) and twentieth century composer Aram Khatchaturyan.

Yerevan, the ancient capital of Armenia, extends you a warm and friendly welcome. It is one of the oldest cities in the world. The earliest recorded settlement there dates back to 782 BC. King Argishty I founded a fortress city in the north-eastern part of present-day Yerevan, with the following cuneiform inscription, “With the majesty of God Khald, Argishty, son of Menua, built up this inaccessible castle and named it Erebuni…” You can still see relics from this part of our history at the Erebuni Museum in Yerevan.

As you explore the many interesting sights in Yerevan, you will learn about the culture and history of one of the world's oldest nations.

If you would like more information about Armenia, contact the author of this article, Mr Mushegh Gevorgyan, who can assist with tours, visas and translation services: tours@orient.am

Country tatistics: highest population density.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_density

What is it: there are believed to be at least 15 different types of avian flu that routinely infect birds around the world. The current outbreak is caused by a strain known as H5N1, which is highly contagious among birds and rapidly fatal. Unfortunately, unlike many other strains of avian flu, it can be transmitted to humans, causing severe illness and death.

How do I get it: human cases have been blamed on direct contact with infected chickens and their droppings. People who catch the virus from birds can pass it on to other humans, although the disease is generally milder in those who caught it from an infected person rather than from birds.

What happens if I get it: bird flu can cause a range of symptoms in humans – some patients report fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches. Others suffer from eye infections, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress and other severe and life-threatening complications.

Diagnose and treatment: flu drugs exist that may be used both to prevent people from catching bird flu and to treat those who have it. Currently there is no vaccine, although scientists are working to develop one.

How can I avoid contracting rabies: the World Health Organization recommends that infected or exposed flocks of chickens and other birds be killed in order to help prevent further spread of the virus and reduce opportunities for human infection. However, the agency warns that safety measures must be taken to prevent exposure to the virus among workers involved in culling.

10 Interesting Facts

1. The United States has the most money, power, airports, cell

   phones, radios and ISP's.

2. The United States consumes more energy than India, the Middle East, South America, Africa, South East Asia and Oceania combined – which means more than 3.1 billion people.
3. The top 5 energy consumers are all cold countries. The next 6 are mostly oil producers.
4. Top per capita importing and exporting nations tend to be a little small.
5. In Australia, there's plenty of open road. Which is just as well, because you wouldn't want to park your car.
6. You're 66 times more likely to be prosecuted in the USA as in France.
7. Nearly 1% of Montserrat ions are police.
8. Most Zambians don't live to see their 40th birthday.
9. Want your kids to stay in school? Send them to Norway.
10. Mexico has the most Jehovah's Witnesses per capita in the OECD.

Source: www.nationmaster.com

From 25,000 feet the view of the Tanzanian coastline with its coral reefs, long sandy bays and azure blue sea looks like a classic glossy travel brochure. And the 15-minute drive from Mtwara airport reveals tantalising glimpses of the Indian Ocean between the exotic display of palm and baobab trees. But as we enter Mikindani village I'm looking more carefully at the scenery – for me this isn't an exotic holiday destination; this is to be my home.

I've already been advised that the first two weeks will be in 'Homestay' i.e. living with a local family, so I'm interested to see what the local homes look like. I know that I won't be staying in one of the daub and wattle huts, but in one of the old stone houses. Sounds good. But the first stone houses that we pass, although inhabited, appear to be in total ruin..?

Becky introduces me to my host, Mr Sijaona. He is a small wiry man with a purposeful stride. He welcomes me into his house. I gaze around at the crumbling walls and the total lack of comfort. But then he says in halting English that his other house is better, (two wives, therefore two houses) – so I pick up my suitcase and follow him down the dusty street.

His other house is in a rather worse state of disrepair. The ceiling of the front room is in a pile behind the door. I can't see much detail, as the inside of the house is inky black after the bright sunshine outside. He pulls aside an old piece of cloth to show me to my quarters. I have arrived.

I can't deny that during that first evening I wonder what on earth I'm doing. Waves of panic alternate with interest, and frustration. I want to ask a hundred questions; which is your wife and who are all the other girls, children and women; what are we going to eat for dinner and how is it prepared, how does the family get water, how many people live in this house,…. but I can't seem to make myself understood, or at least the answers in halting English don't match my questions. I'm clutching my 'Teach Yourself Swahili' but at this stage it might as well be 'Astrophysics for Beginners'.

By Day Four I'm beginning to make a bit more sense of my surroundings. I've wandered around the Boma and its grounds, visited a couple of schools, explored the village, the waterfront and the yacht club, but more importantly had time to watch and chat to local people. 'Chatting' takes the form of sign language, my pathetic attempts at Swahili greetings, and local people's various standards of English. Mr Sijaona and his family are being wonderfully patient and helpful. I went with him yesterday to water his garden and help him plant sweet potatoes. Yesterday morning wife number 2 (you see, I am beginning to find things out) sat with me for over an hour teaching me how to plait grasses into a tape which forms the basis of a mat. And this morning Mr Sijaona showed me how to weave a basket from palm leaves.

They are delighted to teach me these things and are willing me to absorb the Swahili they keep throwing my way. If only I could absorb it all quickly. But it's “Pole pole catchy monkey”. I'll get there!

We are sorry to say that Mac is not very well, but he is still e-mailing strong and recently sent the Beetle a collection of travel reminiscences about Australia, camels which takes us to India and then back to Australia.

In Alice Springs Australia I stayed in an Anglican (Church) Hostel. I was pleased but surprised that they sold beer in this church hostel. Nothing wrong with this especially since it was Australia but something different. When we arrived in Alice Springs the bus driver got a broom and swept off the dust from our suitcases. I guess the Coober Pedy, where the author of article below stared his safari from was that town, that was mostly underground as it was so hot. Even the chapel or church was underground where I went to Midnight Mass on Christmas Eve. They dug and searched for emeralds underground. You paid a few dollars and you could dig for same.

I think maybe they planted inferior or cheap emeralds so tourist could discover them but maybe it was genuine. On our bus going to the outback there were two drivers, double springs, double air conditioning and one tub full of ice in aisle way where people put beer (it was the Holidays). We stopped at one out of the way shack and it was full of grizzled natives.

We had a British lady with us that was dressed as if she was going to a party at Buckingham Palace and she carried a dainty parasol. The grizzled natives decided they would have some fun with this British lady. They said. You know when Prince Philip was in Australia he went with a native girl. The lady replied “Good for him!” It turned out she was a journalist and had been around and could pass out the repartee too. I used the term Safari which in Africa means any kind of journey I am told, but don't know if they call them that in Australia.

I am reminded of camels. One of the reasons I did not enjoy a camel safari in Rajasthan was because we did not have an entertaining fun group of people and we did not see much except sand dunes. I am a sightseer and want to see things. Ha! It was kind of boring but another time I might have enjoyed it. I really did enjoy the cities with their castles and their colourful people in colourful garb in Rajasthan and it was kind of medieval or something. It was just that I was kind of out of sorts on that day of camel riding. Sometimes on a lengthy trip you need to stop travelling and just sleep or rest for a day or two (kind of a vacation within a vacation) and then continue on. I was trying to see all of India in one trip. I later returned two more times and by then I was more adjusted to India and really enjoyed it. I only recommend India though to people that can kind of rough it and don't get too upset by poverty. Poverty in warm countries where they have large family support does not bother me as much as poverty in cold countries. I saw a lady in Nepal sitting on the ground trying to sell six peanuts. Come to think of it, tourists were giving her money so maybe she knew what she was doing.

Back to Australia: there is an article in the January 2001 Smithsonian Magazine titled For Dromedary Trekkers in Australia's outback its Camelot in the Desert by Derek Grzelewski, photographs by Mark S Wesler. The Author had seen a sign earlier on a camel farm “For those of you who have never ridden a camel we have camels that have never been ridden before”. Here is a condensation of the rather lengthy but interesting article.

It was a 150 mile desert trek on two dozen dromedaries from Archaring Hills north of Coober Pedy toward Witjaira National Park. The camels go in single file with three weeks of provisions (swags (sleeping rolls) and 100 gallons of water). The human participants would ride only an average of two hours a day taking turns sharing the two camels that were not carrying supplies and equipment. The rest of the time they walked beside the camels. (Me/Mac speaking now: I one time took about a two hour safari on camel out of Rajasthan India. Maybe it was a half day. I had forgotten about it until I read this article. The camels and their keepers in Australia originally came from Rajasthan, India or Northern India and Pakistan. The five seasoned cameleers and eight adventurers in Australia might have been on camels that were ancestors of the camel I tried to ride.

The author describes the trip as a gentle rocking motion that one could read a book while riding. (Me, I remember my ride as mildly uncomfortable. My camel was smelly and had bad breath worse than mine. In Egypt outside Pyramids the touts will tell you if you are an American that your camels name is Coca Cola. If you are Canadian they will tell you that your camels name is Canadian Club, if German your name is Heineken. Same camel. I disliked the camel I rode in Rajasthan so much that I did not ask its name.

All I could think of was I want to get back to civilization and get a cold beer. We had no beer with us. Perhaps it was forbidden. Drunken tourists and drunken camels would have been more fun. Camels can do without water for weeks but I couldn't go a couple of hours without beer. Camels can travel 600 miles without drinking if food is succulent (plants) and the air cool. These camels and handlers (known as Afghans or simply Ghans) brought from India many years ago were used to haul supplies to remote mines and sheep stations. Also sleepers for the Transcontinental Railway and the first piano arrived in Alice Springs lashed to the hump of a camel. Between 10,000 and 20,000 were released to the desert to fend for themselves when the Ghans became unemployed and could not feed their camels. The camels thrived in the desert and doubled their population every six to ten years.

There are now as many as 40,000 out in the desert. “The once unsurpassed beast of burden became simply a beast and a burden.” Now the Australians find camel meat lean and tasty and the fur and hides are used for crafts and clothing. The author did not say how much trip cost. Mine out of Rajasthan was reasonable and I got it from one of their Government sponsored hotels in Rajasthan. Now for a quiz for my generation: was the Arab on the package of Camel cigarettes riding the camel, standing beside the camel or leading the camel? Answer: he was not sitting on the camel, standing beside the camel or leading the camel. He was behind the pyramid in the picture taking a sh_t.

Happy Camel Riding. Mac

Meeting news from our branches around the world.

Ryanair has been fined £24,000 by a court for misleading customers over fares on its website and pressure is being placed on all airlines to give an all inclusive price. Despite this, Ryanair has said that it will continue to go against advertising authorities which insist the airline include taxes and charges when emailing customers with its latest offers. Ryanair is resisting a ruling by the Advertising Standards Authority in Ireland (ASAI) which upheld a complaint from ferry companies that Ryanair emails to subscribers failed to include taxes and charges. The matter was heard by the ASAI because the emails originated in Ireland. Ryanair was ordered to include all costs in its emails, a ruling welcomed by the ferry companies, 15 of which formed the 'Sail and Drive Campaign' which aimed to end what it claimed were misleading pricing policies from airlines. A spokesman for Ryanair defended its stance: “We have not had a single complaint from passengers, it is just a few ferry companies having a moan. These emails are not adverts, they are private correspondence with passengers and we will sue the ASAI for a breach of privacy if they persist with this matter.” Ferry companies have pledged to continue their battle against tax-exclusive fares. Hoverspeed managing director Geoffrey Ede said: “It's about time the relevant authorities took action to compel these so-called low-cost airlines to advertise the real price of travel.”

On another matter, Ryanair was recently found guilty in Chelmsford Crown Court of six breaches of the Consumer Protection Act over the price of flights advertised on its website. On six occasions, Ryanair had failed to state that prices excluded taxes and charges and was fined £24,000. However, the court ruled that the airline was not misleading customers by putting a net fare on its home page, provided it made clear charges would be added. In response, Ryanair said it welcomed the ruling. “This dates back to 2003 and for the past two years we have stated that fares exclude taxes and charges. This is a vindication of our policy,” said a spokesman.

A little while ago, we reported on a website set up to help pilots working for the Irish budget airline exchange information about their working conditions. Ryanair has now launched legal proceedings over a campaign of “harassment and intimidation” of its pilots. The British Airline Pilots Association (Balpa) said the legal action was “extraordinary” and was aimed at forcing it and the Irish Airline Pilots Association to divulge the names of pilots who had sent comments to the website. Ryanair told its Dublin-based pilots in 2004 that if they do not sign new contracts tying them to the company for five years, they will not be given training on the airline's new fleet and could lose their jobs. Pilots were also told that they would have to repay the full €15,000 cost of training if they leave the airline before the five years has expired. Ryanair is planning to replace ten Boeing 737-200s, based in Ireland, with the larger and more fuel-efficient 737-800 by the end of 2005 and more than 90 pilots in Dublin require retraining.

February 2005 London meeting

Gerry Brennan was our first speaker and gave us an insight into life in Botswana. Gerry went there to teach Art & Design. She began with slides showing some of her pupil's work. The children are expert at making sculptures from wire. Gerry showed us some of Chobe National Park's 11,000 square kilometres, home to elephants, lion and buffalo, some of which get extremely close. Gerry also explained some of the local superstitions, my favourite being her picture of a house surrounded by green fields, however the area around the house had no grass, as the locals believe that snakes live in the grass and they are scared of them!

Our second speakers were duo Shally and Richard Hunt, whose talk entitled “No ordinary walk” was their 2300 mile, 40 week walk from Cape Wraith to Nice. Though they did the first part in reverse walking from Dover to the north of Scotland before hopping over the Channel and walking in the summer heat through Belgium, Luxembourg and France. They crossed both the Jura and Vosges Mountains, sleeping in refuges and camping. After 40 weeks they finally made it to Nice in the rain.

5^th March 2005 London meeting

Our first speaker was Matthew Leeming who gave Globies a fascinating talk on Afghanistan. Matthew began in the city of Herat, where he visited the beautiful Friday mosque with its wonderful blue tiles. We saw the tile factory where the tiles are still made by hand today. From Shibagan he showed us the solid gold jewellery which had escaped melting down by the Taliban by being hidden in a bank vault.

In Balkh we saw the worlds oldest mosque dating from 950AD, the mosque of the 9 domes, which is housed under a roof now to protect it from the elements. And the views of the spectacular mountains in the east of Afghanistan finished off a great talk.

Our second speaker was long time Globie Phil Koniotes whose slides took us to Svalbard and Greenland. The Svalbard part was actually the honeymoon of Phil and fellow Globie Lindy, who met at Globetrotters, all together, aaaaaaaahhhhhh! Their trip took them to see the wildlife of Svalbard where they saw Arctic Fox and all kinds of bird life, as well as enjoying Russian hospitality including BBQ's on board their ship. In Greenland Phil showed us the old whaling stations which are dotted around. Phil's fabulous icebergs photos showed the deep blue colours of the oldest chunks of ice. He was also lucky enough to spot a Polar bear and to see a hump back whale feeding frenzy.

By Padmassana

London meetings are held at The Church of Scotland, Crown Court, behind the Fortune Theatre in Covent Garden at 2.30pm the first Saturday of each month. There is no London meeting in August, but we will be back in September. For more information, you can contact the Globetrotters Info line on +44 (0) 20 8674 6229, or visit the website: www.globetrotters.co.uk