{"id":548,"date":"2002-11-27T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2002-11-27T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/globetrotters.co.uk\/newsletter\/2002\/11\/27\/chinesewedding-customs\/"},"modified":"2018-01-02T07:33:01","modified_gmt":"2018-01-02T07:33:01","slug":"chinesewedding-customs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/globetrotters.co.uk\/newsletter\/chinesewedding-customs.html","title":{"rendered":"Chinese\nWedding Customs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Chinese marriage was systemized into custom in the Warring States period<br \/>\n(402-221 B.C.). Due to the vast expanse and long history, there are different<br \/>\ncustoms to follow in different places, although they are generally the same.<br \/>\nVisitors still get chances to witness traditional marriages in the<br \/>\ncountryside.<\/p>\n<p>In the ancient times, it was very important to follow a basic principle of<br \/>\nThree Letters And Six Etiquettes, since they were essential to a marriage.<\/p>\n<p>Three letters include Betrothal Letter, Gift Letter and Wedding Letter.<br \/>\nBetrothal Letter is the formal document of the engagement, a must in a<br \/>\nmarriage. Then, a gift letter is necessary, which will be sent to the<br \/>\ngirl&#039;s family, listing types and quantity of gifts for the wedding once<br \/>\nboth parties accept the marriage. While the Wedding Letter refers to the<br \/>\ndocument which will be prepared and presented to the bride&#039;s family on the<br \/>\nday of the wedding to confirm and commemorate the formal acceptance of the<br \/>\nbride into the bridegroom&#039;s family.<\/p>\n<p><b>Six Etiquettes<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Proposing:<\/b> If an unmarried boy&#039;s parents identify a girl as their<br \/>\nfuture daughter-in-law, then they will find a matchmaker. Proposal used to be<br \/>\npracticed by a matchmaker. The matchmaker will formally present his or her<br \/>\nclient&#039;s request to the identified girl&#039;s parents.<\/p>\n<p><b>Birthday matching:<\/b> If the potential bride&#039;s parents do not object<br \/>\nto the marriage, the matchmaker will ask for the girl&#039;s birthday and birth<br \/>\nhour record to assure the compatibility of the potential bride and bridegroom.<br \/>\nIf the couple&#039;s birthdays and birth hours do not conflict according to<br \/>\nastrology, the marriage will step into the next stage. Once there is any<br \/>\nconflict, meaning the marriage will bring disasters to the boy&#039;s family or<br \/>\nthe girl&#039;s, the proposed marriage stops.<\/p>\n<p><b>Presenting betrothal gifts:<\/b> Once birthdays match, the<br \/>\nbridegroom&#039;s family will then arrange the matchmaker to present betrothal<br \/>\ngifts, enclosing the betrothal letter, to the bride&#039;s family.<\/p>\n<p><b>Presenting wedding gifts:<\/b> After the betrothal letter and betrothal<br \/>\ngifts are accepted, the bridegroom&#039;s family will later formally send<br \/>\nwedding gifts to the bride&#039;s family. Usually, gifts may include tea, lotus<br \/>\nseeds, longan, red beans, green beans, red dates, nutmeg, oranges, pomegranate,<br \/>\nlily, bridal cakes, coconuts, wine, red hair braid, money box and other stuff,<br \/>\ndepending on local customs and family wealth.<\/p>\n<p><b>Picking a wedding date:<\/b> An astrologist or astrology book will be<br \/>\nconsulted to select an auspicious date to hold the wedding ceremony.<\/p>\n<p><b>Wedding ceremony:<\/b> On the selected day, the bridegroom departures with<br \/>\na troop of escorts and musicians, playing happy music all the way to the<br \/>\nbride&#039;s home. After the bride is escorted to the bridegroom&#039;s home, the<br \/>\nwedding ceremony begins.<\/p>\n<p>Different from the West, the colour red dominates the traditional Chinese<br \/>\nwedding. Chinese people tend to use or wear red to add a happy atmosphere to<br \/>\nsuch a festive occasion.<\/p>\n<p>At dawn on the wedding day, after a bath in water infused with grapefruit,<br \/>\nthe bride puts on new clothes and wears a pair of red shoes, waiting for the so<br \/>\ncalled good luck woman to dress her hair in the style of a married woman. Her<br \/>\nhead will be covered with a red silk veil with tassels or bead strings that<br \/>\nhang from the phoenix crown. She waits for her future husband to escort her<br \/>\nhome, with married women talking around her about how to act to be a good<br \/>\nwife.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, the bridegroom prepares himself to receive his wife. He<br \/>\ngets capped and dressed in a long gown, red shoes and a red silk sash with a<br \/>\nsilk ball on his chest, the groom kneels at the ancestral altar as his father<br \/>\nputs a cap decorated with cypress leaves on his head to declare his adulthood<br \/>\nand his family responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>Then the bridegroom sets out to receive his bride. Usually he is escorted by<br \/>\na crowd of his friends and musicians who play joyful tunes the entire trip.<br \/>\nDancing lions, if any, precede the troop. In ancient times, a bridal sedan<br \/>\nchair (or a decorated donkey due to poverty or bad traffic) would be used to<br \/>\nserve the bride. A child carries a bridal box among the people, reflecting the<br \/>\nbridegroom&#039;s expectation to have a child in the near future.<\/p>\n<p>The most interesting part of the reception really takes place at the<br \/>\ndoorstep of the bride&#039;s residence, heavily guarded by the bridesmaid or<br \/>\nsisters of the bride. It is customary for the bridesmaid to give the bridegroom<br \/>\na difficult time before he is allowed to enter. Usually wisdom and courage and<br \/>\nhis friends will help the bridegroom to succeed in his &#8220;trial&#8221;.<br \/>\nHowever, there is one more situation he has to negotiate with the bridesmaid<br \/>\nand sisters of the bride &#8211; to distribute among them red packets containing<br \/>\nmoney &#8211; in order to take his bride home.<\/p>\n<p>Before the bride departs to the bridegroom&#039;s home, the good luck woman<br \/>\nwill lead her to the sedan chair. On her way to the chair, a sister of hers<br \/>\nwill shield her with a red parasol and another will throw rice at the sedan<br \/>\nchair, at the back of which hangs a sieve and a metallic mirror that are<br \/>\nbelieved to protect the bride from evil. The bride has to cry to show that she<br \/>\ndoes not want to leave her parents.<\/p>\n<p>Then firecrackers will be set off to drive away evil spirits as the bride<br \/>\nsits into the sedan chair. All along the way people make great efforts to avoid<br \/>\nany inauspicious influence. For instance, the sedan chair is heavily curtained<br \/>\nto prevent the bride from seeing an unlucky sight, e.g. a widow, a well or even<br \/>\na cat. When the parading troop arrives at the bridegroom&#039;s, firecrackers<br \/>\nwill be set off to hail the bride&#039;s arrival. Before the sedan chair a red<br \/>\nmat is placed so that the bride will not touch the bare earth. By the threshold<br \/>\na flaming stove and a saddle will be set up, the bride is required to sidestep<br \/>\nor step over them to avoid evils.<\/p>\n<p>The wedding ceremony is the focus of interest. The bride and bridegroom are<br \/>\nled to the family altar, where the couple kowtows to Heaven and Earth, the<br \/>\nfamily ancestors and parents successively. Then they bow to each other and are<br \/>\nled to the bridal chamber. The ceremony proceeds under a director&#039;s prompts<br \/>\nand applauses of the audience.<\/p>\n<p>Then there will be a grand feast for relatives and those who help in the<br \/>\nwedding. The newly wed couple will resume drinking wedding wine. Generally they<br \/>\nare required to cross their arms to sip wine. They also will toast their<br \/>\nguests. Guests voice their good wishes for the couple even though the<br \/>\nbridegroom is trying to be humble while acting embarrassed.<\/p>\n<p>Teasing games in the bridal chamber: After night falls, the teasing games<br \/>\nstart. Usually all young men can participate except for the bride&#039;s married<br \/>\nbrothers-in-law. Those funny and silly games will ease the tension, since in<br \/>\nancient times the newlyweds never met each other before the wedding! Most of<br \/>\nthe games require the shy couple to act like wife and husband. The festive<br \/>\natmosphere also promotes closeness among all the family members and the<br \/>\ncommunity beyond. There also will be other activities conducted by the<br \/>\nbridegroom&#039;s mother after the roaring laughter fades into the darkness.<\/p>\n<p>Preparing the bridal bed: A good luck man, usually having a nice family,<br \/>\nwill help to install the bridal bed in the right place in the bridal chamber on<br \/>\na selected day before the wedding day. Before the wedding, a good luck woman<br \/>\nwill arrange the bridal bed and scatter symbolic and lucky fruits on the bed.<br \/>\nNobody is allowed to touch the bed until the couple enters the bridal chamber<br \/>\nafter the wedding ceremony. Children will then be invited onto the bed to bless<br \/>\nfertility of the couple.<\/p>\n<p>Dowry: Usually the bride&#039;s dowry shall be sent to the bridegroom&#039;s<br \/>\nfamily by the day before the wedding day. Sometimes the bride&rsquo;s escorts<br \/>\nwill bring the dowry. A traditional dowry normally consists of items such as<br \/>\njewellery, embroidered beddings, kitchen utensils and furniture. The type of<br \/>\nthe dowry is always changing except for the basic, symbolic items. For example,<br \/>\ndozens of years ago, a sewing machine, a bicycle, and a recorder were musts in<br \/>\na marriage. Now, they are totally out of fashion.<\/p>\n<p>Bride&#039;s Return: Traditionally, the newlyweds are to return to visit the<br \/>\nbride&#039;s parents one or three days after the wedding. They will be hailed<br \/>\nwith a banquet, and it is the bridegroom&#039;s turn to suffer the<br \/>\nwell-intentioned teasing of the bride&#039;s relatives and friends.<\/p>\n<p>Traditional marriage customs lost their popularity due to the collapse of<br \/>\nfeudal marriage customs and their complexity. However, traditional marriage can<br \/>\nstill be seen in the countryside, despite innovations. Now, traditional<br \/>\nmarriage customs are revived in some places, and they are attracting many<br \/>\nprospective couples.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"&#109;&#97;&#x69;&#x6c;&#116;&#111;&#x3a;&#x70;&#97;&#117;&#x6c;&#x61;&#55;&#49;&#x34;&#x31;&#64;&#121;&#x61;&#x68;&#111;&#111;&#x2e;&#x63;&#111;&#109;\">&#x70;&#97;u&#x6c;&#x61;&#55;1&#x34;&#x31;&#64;y&#x61;&#x68;&#111;o&#x2e;&#x63;&#111;m<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/globetrotters.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2010\/12\/santa_line2.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"60%\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/globetrotters.co.uk\/newsletter\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2010\/12\/santa_line.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"221\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chinese marriage was systemized into custom in the Warring States period (402-221 B.C.). Due to the vast expanse and long history, there are different customs to follow in different places,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","css_class_manager_body_classes":"","css_class_manager_use_in_post_loop":false},"categories":[2,3],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archive","category-main-article","tag-november-2002"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Chinese Wedding Customs - eNewsletter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/globetrotters.co.uk\/newsletter\/chinesewedding-customs.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chinese Wedding Customs - eNewsletter\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chinese marriage was systemized into custom in the Warring States period (402-221 B.C.). 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